Parts of this article (those related to 2014, 2015) need to be updated.(August 2017) |
This is a list of national population and housing censuses.
Census advisory
The United Nations recommends a census enumeration at least once every ten years, and once every five years for even better data, rather than simply relying on estimates and projections alone. Complications to carrying out a census include tribal conflict, war, borders not demarcated, budget, inexperience, political snags, lack of manpower, and poor geographic information systems. A number of nations have not carried them out once a decade. It is not uncommon for a scheduled census to be deferred or delayed.
Lebanon has not held a census since 1932. Afghanistan is closing in on four decades without a census. DRC and Uzbekistan stand out as not having a census since before 1990. Madagascar has not had counts since the 1990s. Eritrea has only had one as a part of Ethiopia in the 1990s.
Methods of conducting population census
More countries are switching to using administrative data to hold a census. This allows a simulated census to be conducted by linking several different administrative databases at an agreed time.
Using administrative data/combined data | Using collected data |
---|---|
Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, Denmark, Finland | United Kingdom, United States, Japan |
Africa
Algeria
This article needs to be updated.(February 2018) |
Population and housing censuses have been carried out in Algeria in 1967, 1977, 1987, 1998, 2008. and 2018.
Angola
General censuses of population and housing (Portuguese: Recenseamento Geral da População e Habitação (RGPH)) have been carried out in 1970 and 2014. The 1970 census counted 5,646,166 habitants. Preliminary results of the 2014 census have been published and final results will be published by the end of 2015. The 2014 census counted 25,789,024 habitants as of May 16, 2014.
Benin
Population and housing censuses have been carried out in 1978, 1992, 2002 and 2013. 2013 census preliminary results have been published. Final results were published in 2015.
Botswana
Censuses in Botswana are run by the Statistics Botswana (formerly Central Statistics Office). There have been twelve censuses in Botswana's history. The most recent occurred in April 2022.
Burkina Faso
The Institut National de la Statistique et de la Demographie has conducted four censuses: in 1975, 1985, 1996, and 2006.
Congo (DRC)
The first and so far only census conducted in DR Congo dates from 1984.
Egypt
The Statistical Department of the Ministry of Finance conducted the first census in 1882, which considered as a preparatory step; the first true population census was conducted in 1897. Thereafter, censuses were conducted at ten-year intervals in 1907, 1917, 1927 and so on. The last one being in 2017.
Ethiopia
Three censuses have been taken in Ethiopia: 1984, 1994 and in 2007. The responsible institution is the Central Statistical Agency. Most of the census in 2007 was taken in August, while the Somali Region and the Afar Region were not covered. The northern Afar region is a remote, hot and arid area. The eastern Somali region (Ogaden) hosts a large nomadic Somali population and is a conflict area where Ethiopian regular forces are fighting against Ogaden National Liberation Front (ONLF).
Ivory Coast
Four general censuses of population and housing (French: Recensement Général de la Population et de l'Habitat (RGPH)) have been carried out in, the latest ones being in 1998 and 2014.
Kenya
The first census in Kenya was conducted in 1948, when Kenya was still a colony administered by the British. Since 1969 census has been taken every ten years. The last census, overseen by the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, was in 2019 and recorded a population of 47.6 million.
Mauritius
Population and housing censuses for Mauritius was collected in 1972, 1983, 2000, and 2011; although respondents were asked to identify their race/ethnic origin in the 1972 census, this question was dropped from the following censuses because "the government felt that it was a divisive question". The Statistics Act directed that all official censuses be conducted by Statistics Mauritius, as well as serve as the central depository for this information.
Morocco
General censuses of population and housing (Arabic: الإحصاء العام للسكان والسكنى / French: Recensement Général de la Population et de l'Habitat (RGPH)) have been carried out since independence in 1960, 1971, 1982, 1994, 2004 and 2014. The 2014 census results will be published on http://rgph-2014.hcp.ma/ by the end of 2014.
Mozambique
The first census was taken in 1980. The second in 1997. The third was taken August 1–14, 2007. The fourth and most recent was taken in 2017.
Namibia
In accordance with the Statistics Act No. 66 of 1976, Namibia conducts a Population and Housing Census every ten years. After independence the first one was carried out in 1991, further rounds followed in 2001 and 2011. In Namibia, the de facto method is used. For enumeration purposes the country is demarcated into 4,042 enumeration areas. These areas do not overlap with constituency boundaries to get reliable data for election purposes as well.
Nigeria
Population censuses have been taken in Nigeria during colonial time in 1866, 1871, 1896, 1901, 1911, 1921 and 1952. The censuses covered only the southern part of the country except for the 1952 census which was country wide, and the censuses before 1921 were based on administrative estimates rather than on an actual enumeration.
Censuses during independence were taken 1962, 1963, 1973, 1991 and 2006. The results of the 1962 census were considered inaccurate enough that a new census was ordered on February 19, 1963. The results from 1973 and 2006 were highly disputed, but no recounts were taken. The preliminary results for 2006 indicates a population of 140 million people. 700,000 enumerators were engaged in this operation.
Somalia
There has been only one successful census in Somalia, carried out in 1975. The 1986 census remained incomplete, and its results were never published.
South Africa
The Cape of Good Hope conducted the first modern scientific census in 1865, following the principles laid down by the British Colonial Office and repeated the exercise in 1875 and 1891.23 The Orange Free State followed in 1880 and 1890, copying many of the features of the Cape of Good Hope.24 The South African Republic (Transvaal) followed in 1890.However, the enumeration was restricted to the White population. After the South African War of 1899-1902, all the colonies undertook censuses in April 1904, but although broad coordination took place the results were presented according to the views of the four individual census commissioners.28 The detailed coordination of censuses evident in pre-federation Australia was therefore not in evidence in South Africa. The establishment of the Union of South Africa as a British dominion in 1910 necessitated a new start to enumeration in the country and the statistical definition of the new state and ordering of its population through the census. The first census of Union of South Africa was taken in 1911. Several enumerations have occurred since then, with the most recent three being carried out by Statistics South Africa in 1996, 2001, 2011 and 2022.
Sudan
Population censuses have been carried out in Sudan in 1955/56, 1973 (national), 1983 (national) and 1993 (only north). A census was conducted in April 2008. Some areas—namely Darfur, Juba, and Malakal—were difficult to measure.[citation needed]
Togo
General population and housing censuses were carried out in 1960, 1970, 1981 and 2010.
Tunisia
General censuses of population and housing (French: Recensement Général de la Population et de l'Habitat (RGPH)) have been carried out in 1921, 1926, 1931, 1936, 1946, 1956, 1966, 1975, 1984, 1994, 2004 and 2014. First results (20%) were published on September 12, 2014, the final results will be published between January and December 2015.
Uganda
The first censuses in Uganda were taken in 1911, 1921 and 1931. It was done in a rather primitive way. The enumeration unit was 'huts' and not individuals. More scientific censuses were taken 1948 and 1959 where the enumeration unit was persons. The census was however divided into two separate enumerations, one for Africans, and one for the non-African population.
The censuses during independence 1969, 1980, 1991 were taken jointly for all races. The censuses 1980 and 1991 included housing information and in addition a larger questionnaire for a sample of the population. However, the questionnaires for the 1980 were lost and only provisional figures are available from this census.
The census in 2002 involved some 50,000 enumerators and supervisors. It covered several topics including: population and housing; agriculture; and Micro- and small Enterprises administered at individual/household level. The Preliminary Results were published two weeks after the enumeration. The Final Results were released in March 2005, while the analytical findings and the district level results were scheduled to be released in the second quarter of 2006.
The most recent census was in August 2014.
Americas
Antigua and Barbuda
Population & Housing Censuses was carried out in 1991, 2001, and 2011. The 2011 census was released in May 2014.
Argentina
National population censuses are carried out in Argentina roughly every ten years, the last ones having been carried out in 2001, October 27, 2010 and May 18, 2022.
Demographic and historical evolution of the Argentinian population since the first official census carried out in 1869. | |||
---|---|---|---|
N. | Year | Population Argentina | Population and Housing Census |
19th century | |||
1st | 1869 | 1,877,490 | |
2nd | 1895 | 4,044,911 | |
20th century | |||
3rd | 1914 | 7,903,662 | |
4th | 1947 | 15,893,811 | |
5th | 1960 | 20,013,793 | |
6th | 1970 | 23,364,431 | |
7th | 1980 | 27,949,480 | |
8th | 1991 | 32,615,528 | |
21st century | |||
9th | 2001 | 36,260,140 | |
10th | 2010 | 40,117,096 | |
11th | 2022 | 45,892,285 |
Barbados
Censuses on population sizes in Barbados are conducted by the Barbados Statistical Service (BSS). The last major census was conducted in 2021.
Bolivia
Bolivia became independent from Spain on August 6, 1825 and since that time the country has managed to carry out around 11 population and housing censuses throughout its history as an independent country.
The first population census of Bolivia was carried out in 1831 and four years later the second census was carried out in 1835, the third in 1845, the fourth in 1854 and finally the fifth census was in 1882, this being the last 19th century census.
During the 20th century, Bolivia only carried out four censuses; the first at the beginning of the century in 1900 and the second census was in 1950 (after 50 years) already in the middle of the 20th century. The next census was carried out 26 years later in 1976 and the next census was carried out after 16 years in 1992, this being also the last of the century.
At the beginning of the 21st century, Bolivia carried out a new population census in 2001 and after 11 years the next census was carried out again in 2012. Currently and after 12 years, Bolivia will carry out its third census on March 23, 2024, this being the third population and housing census of the century
Demographic and historical evolution of the Bolivian population since the first official census carried out in 1831. | |||
---|---|---|---|
N. | Year | Population Bolivia | Population and Housing Census |
19th century | |||
1st | 1831 | 1,088,768 | |
2nd | 1835 | 1,060,777 | |
3rd | 1845 | 1,378,896 | |
4th | 1854 | 2,326,126 | |
5th | 1882 | 1,172,156 | |
20th century | |||
6th | 1900 | 1,766,451 | |
7th | 1950 | 2,704,165 | |
8th | 1976 | 4,613,419 | 1976 Bolivian census |
9th | 1992 | 6,420,792 | 1992 Bolivian census |
21st century | |||
10th | 2001 | 8,274,325 | 2001 Bolivian census |
11th | 2012 | 10,059,856 | 2012 Bolivian census |
12th | 2024 | 11,312,620 | 2024 Bolivian census |
National Institute of Statistics of Bolivia (INE) |
Brazil
The Brazilian census is carried out by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics every 10 years. The last one was in 2010. Earlier censuses were taken in 1872 (the first), 1900, 1920, 1941, 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1991, 2000 and 2010.
Brazil's Demographic Census is one of the most hierarchical collection of census data in the world. Its hierarchies include: Brazil (Country), Major Regions, States, Macro-regions, micro-regions, municipalities, districts, sub-districts, Neighborhoods and census tracts.
Depending on the administrative hierarchy, some types of data are not published to respect confidentiality.
For example:
- The lower area of data collection is the census tract, with approximately 300 households, and information is collected on age, condition of the home, gender, income, among others.
- Districts: information on race, color, religion, disability, etc.
- Municipalities (cities): in addition to the information already described, there is information of GDP, industrial production, agricultural production, migration between cities to study or work, to live migration, inflation, employment rates, number of industries, the quantity of trade, etc.
Information is collected with handheld computers equipped with GPS receivers and digitized maps.
Next census was scheduled to begin August 1, 2020 but was delayed two times due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The Census is scheduled to begin on August 1, 2022. More than one million people applied for 206.891 positions.
Demographic and historical evolution of the Brazilian population since the first official census carried out in 1872. | |||
---|---|---|---|
N. | Year | Population Brazil | Population and Housing Census |
19th century | |||
1st | 1872 | 9,930,478 | 1872 Brazilian census |
2nd | 1890 | 14,333,915 | |
20th century | |||
3rd | 1900 | 17,438,434 | |
4th | 1920 | 30,635,605 | |
5th | 1940 | 41,236,315 | |
6th | 1950 | 51,944,397 | |
7th | 1960 | 70,992,343 | |
8th | 1970 | 94,508,583 | |
9th | 1980 | 121,150,573 | |
10th | 1991 | 146,917,459 | |
21st century | |||
11th | 2000 | 169,590,693 | |
12th | 2010 | 190,755,799 | 2010 Brazilian census |
13th | 2022 | 203,062,512 | 2022 Brazilian census |
Canada
The Canadian census is run by Statistics Canada. The 1666 census of New France was conducted by French intendant Jean Talon, when he took a census to ascertain the number of people living in New France. The method and data was later used when Canada was founded 201 years later. The individual provinces (sometimes in conjunction with each other) conducted censuses in the 19th century and before. In 1871, Canada's first formal census was conducted, which counted the population of Nova Scotia, Ontario, New Brunswick, and Quebec.
Censuses in Canada are conducted in five-year intervals. The last census was conducted in 2021. Censuses taken in mid-decade (1976, 1986, 1996, etc.) are referred to as quinquennial censuses. Others are referred to as decennial censuses. The first quinquennial census was conducted in 1956.
For the 2006 Census of Canada, respondents were able to complete their census questionnaire online for the first time. Other options for answering the questionnaire included postal mail (using a pre-paid envelope) and telephone (using an 800 number).
At a sub-national level, two provinces (Alberta and Saskatchewan) and two territories (Nunavut and Yukon) have legislation that allows local governments to conduct their own municipal censuses.
Demographic and historical evolution of the Canadian population since the first official census carried out in 1871. | |||
---|---|---|---|
N. | Year | Population Canada | Population and Housing Census |
19th century | |||
1st | 1871 | 3,485,761 | 1871 Canadian census |
2nd | 1881 | 4,278,327 | 1881 Canadian census |
3rd | 1891 | 4,833,239 | 1891 Canadian census |
20th century | |||
4th | 1901 | 5,371,315 | |
5th | 1911 | 7,204,838 | 1911 Canadian census |
6th | 1921 | 8,788,483 | 1921 Canadian census |
7th | 1931 | 10,376,379 | 1931 Canadian census |
8th | 1941 | 11,506,655 | 1941 Canadian census |
9th | 1951 | 14,009,429 | 1951 Canadian census |
10th | 1956 | 16,080,791 | 1956 Canadian census |
11th | 1961 | 18,238,247 | 1961 Canadian census |
12th | 1966 | 20,014,880 | 1966 Canadian census |
13th | 1971 | 21,568,311 | 1971 Canadian census |
14th | 1976 | 22,992,604 | 1976 Canadian census |
15th | 1981 | 24,343,181 | 1981 Canadian census |
16th | 1986 | 25,309,331 | 1986 Canadian census |
17th | 1991 | 27,296,859 | 1991 Canadian census |
18th | 1996 | 28 846 761 | 1996 Canadian census |
21st century | |||
19th | 2001 | 30,007,094 | 2001 Canadian census |
20th | 2006 | 31,612,897 | 2006 Canadian census |
21th | 2011 | 33,476,688 | 2011 Canadian census |
22th | 2016 | 35,151,728 | 2016 Canadian census |
23th | 2021 | 36,991,981 | 2021 Canadian census |
24th | 2026 | Projection | 2026 Canadian census |
Chile
National population censuses are carried out in Chile every ten years by the National Statistics Institute (INE). The last one took place in 2012, but its results were dismissed by the INE due to a high omission rate and other problems. A new abbreviated census took place in April 2017, with a full census to be carried out in 2022. The last official census results are from 2002.
Demographic and historical evolution of the Chilean population since the first official census carried out in 1835. | |||
---|---|---|---|
N. | Year | Population Chile | Population and Housing Census |
19th century | |||
1st | 1835 | 1,010,336 | |
2nd | 1843 | 1,083,701 | |
3rd | 1854 | 1,439,120 | |
4th | 1865 | 1,819,223 | |
5th | 1875 | 2,075,971 | |
6th | 1885 | 2,507,005 | |
7th | 1895 | 2,695,625 | |
20th century | |||
8th | 1907 | 3,231,022 | |
9th | 1920 | 3,720,235 | |
10th | 1930 | 4,287,445 | |
11th | 1940 | 5,023,539 | |
12th | 1952 | 5,932,995 | |
13th | 1960 | 7,374,115 | |
14th | 1970 | 8,884,768 | |
15th | 1982 | 11,329,736 | |
16th | 1992 | 13,348,401 | |
21st century | |||
17th | 2002 | 15,116,435 | |
18th | 2012 | 16 634 603 | |
19th | 2017 | 17,574,003 |
Colombia
Population and Housing Censuses in Colombia were conducted by the National Administrative Department of Statistics in 1825, 1835, 1843, 1851, 1864, 1870, 1905, 1912, 1918, 1928, 1938, 1951, 1964, 1973, 1985, 1993, 2005 and 2018.
Demographic and historical evolution of the Colombian population since the first official census carried out in 1825. | |||
---|---|---|---|
N. | Year | Population Colombia | Population and Housing Census |
19th century | |||
1st | 1825 | 2,583,799 | |
2nd | 1835 | 1,687,109 | |
3rd | 1843 | 1,932,279 | |
4th | 1851 | 2,243,730 | |
5th | 1864 | 2,441,300 | |
6th | 1870 | 2,681,637 | |
20th century | |||
7th | 1905 | 4,533,777 | |
8th | 1912 | 5,472,604 | |
9th | 1918 | 5,855,077 | |
10th | 1928 | 7,851,110 | |
11th | 1938 | 8,697,041 | |
12th | 1951 | 11,548,172 | |
13th | 1964 | 17,484,510 | |
14th | 1973 | 20,666,920 | |
15th | 1985 | 27,853,432 | |
16th | 1993 | 33,109,839 | |
21st century | |||
17th | 2005 | 41,468,384 | |
18th | 2018 | 48,258,494 | 2018 Colombian Census |
Costa Rica
Costa Rica carried out its tenth population census in 2011. INEC, National Institute of Statistics and Census is in charge of conduct these censuses. Past Costa Rican censuses were conducted in 1864, 1883, 1892, 1927, 1950, 1963, 1973, 1984, and 2000. The next census is scheduled for 2022.
Demographic and historical evolution of the Costa Rican population since the first official census carried out in 1864. | |||
---|---|---|---|
N. | Year | Population Costa Rica | Population and Housing Census |
19th century | |||
1st | 1864 | 120,499 | 1864 Costa Rican census |
2nd | 1883 | 182,073 | 1883 Costa Rican census |
3rd | 1892 | 243,205 | 1892 Costa Rican census |
20th century | |||
4th | 1927 | 471,524 | 1927 Costa Rican census |
5th | 1950 | 800,875 | 1950 Costa Rican census |
6th | 1963 | 1,336,274 | 1963 Costa Rican census |
7th | 1973 | 1,871,780 | 1973 Costa Rican census |
8th | 1984 | 2,416,809 | 1984 Costa Rican census |
21st century | |||
9th | 2000 | 3,810,179 | 2000 Costa Rican census |
10th | 2011 | 4,301,712 | 2011 Costa Rican census |
11th | 2022 | 5,044,197 |
Curaçao
General censuses of population and housing have been carried out in 1960, 1971, 1981, 1992, 2001, and 2011. In 2021 a new census will be conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics of Curacao. For more information and the results of the older censuses visit the DIgitallibrary of CBS
Ecuador
The most recent censuses in Ecuador were in 2001 and 2010.
Demographic and historical evolution of the Ecuadorian population since the first official census carried out in 1825. | |||
---|---|---|---|
N. | Year | Population Ecuador | Population and Housing Census |
19th century | |||
1st | 1825 | 496,846 | |
2nd | 1840 | 616,209 | |
3rd | 1858 | 748,297 | |
4th | 1889 | 1,271,761 | |
20th century | |||
5th | 1909 | 1,642,856 | |
6th | 1926 | 2,929,314 | |
7th | 1933 | 2,600,116 | |
8th | 1942 | 3,084,963 | |
9th | 1950 | 3,202,757 | |
10th | 1962 | 4,476,007 | |
11th | 1974 | 6,500,845 | |
12th | 1982 | 8,138,974 | |
13th | 1990 | 9,697,979 | |
21st century | |||
14th | 2000 | 12,156,608 | |
15th | 2010 | 14,483,499 | |
16th | 2022 | 16,938,986 |
Guatemala
Modern population censuses have been taken in Guatemala in 1930, 1950, 1964, 1973, 1981, 1994, 2002 and 2018. Controversial censuses include those in 1950 and 1964 (misclassification of the Maya population) and 1994 (generally questioned). About 14,000,000 people live in Guatemala as of July 2009.
Demographic and historical evolution of the Guatemalan population since the first official census carried out in 1880. | |||
---|---|---|---|
N. | Year | Population Guatemala | Population and Housing Census |
19th century | |||
1st | 1880 | 1,224,602 | |
2nd | 1893 | 1,364,678 | |
20th century | |||
3rd | 1921 | 2,004,900 | |
4th | 1940 | 2,400,000 | |
5th | 1950 | 2,790,868 | |
6th | 1964 | 4,287,997 | |
7th | 1973 | 5,160,221 | |
8th | 1981 | 6,054,227 | |
9th | 1994 | 8,331,874 | |
21st century | |||
10th | 2002 | 11,237,196 | |
11th | 2018 | 14,901,286 |
Haiti
General censuses of population and housing (French: Recensement Général de la Population et de l'Habitat (RGPH)) have been carried out in 1950, 1971, 1982, 2003 and 2014. First results of the 2014 census will be published between November and December 2014; final results will be published in November 2015.
Mexico
- National population censuses have been carried out in 1910, 1921, 1930, 1940, 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010.
- National economic censuses have been carried out in 1989, 1994, 1999, 2004, 2009 and 2014.
Demographic and historical evolution of the Mexican population since the first official census carried out in 1880. | |||
---|---|---|---|
N. | Year | Population Mexico | Population and Housing Census |
19th century | |||
1st | 1895 | 12,491,573 | 1895 Mexican Census |
20th century | |||
2nd | 1900 | 13,545,462 | |
3rd | 1910 | 15,160,369 | |
4th | 1921 | 14,334,096 | |
5th | 1930 | 16,552,722 | |
6th | 1940 | 19,653,552 | |
7th | 1950 | 25,791,017 | |
8th | 1960 | 34,923,129 | |
9th | 1970 | 48,225,238 | |
10th | 1980 | 66,846,833 | |
11th | 1990 | 81,249,645 | |
21st century | |||
12th | 2000 | 97,483,412 | |
13th | 2010 | 112,336,538 | |
14th | 2020 | 126,014,024 |
Nicaragua
Demographic and historical evolution of the Nicaraguan population since the first official census carried out in 1906. | |||
---|---|---|---|
N. | Year | Population Nicaragua | Population and Housing Census |
20th century | |||
1st | 1906 | 501,849 | |
2nd | 1920 | 633,622 | |
3rd | 1940 | 829,831 | |
4th | 1950 | 1,049,611 | |
5th | 1963 | 1,535,588 | |
6th | 1971 | 1,877,952 | |
7th | 1995 | 4,357,099 | |
21st century | |||
8th | 2005 | 5,142,098 |
Panama
Demographic and historical evolution of the Panamanian population since the first official census carried out in 1911. | |||
---|---|---|---|
N. | Year | Population Panama | Population and Housing Census |
20th century | |||
1st | 1911 | 336,742 | |
2nd | 1920 | 446,098 | |
3rd | 1930 | 467,459 | |
4th | 1940 | 622,576 | |
5th | 1950 | 805,285 | |
6th | 1960 | 1,075,541 | |
7th | 1970 | 1,428,082 | |
8th | 1980 | 1,805,287 | |
9th | 1990 | 2,329,329 | |
21st century | |||
10th | 2000 | 2,839,177 | |
11th | 2010 | 3,405,813 | |
12th | 2023 | 4,064,780 |
Paraguay
Demographic and historical evolution of the Paraguayan population since the first official census carried out in 1846. | |||
---|---|---|---|
N. | Year | Population Paraguay | Population and Housing Census |
19th century | |||
1st | 1846 | 233,394 | |
2nd | 1870 | 116,351 | |
20th century | |||
3rd | 1950 | 1,328,452 | |
4th | 1962 | 1,819,103 | |
5th | 1972 | 2,357,955 | |
6th | 1982 | 3,029,830 | |
7th | 1992 | 4,152,588 | |
21st century | |||
8th | 2002 | 5,163,198 | |
9th | 2012 | 6,461,041 | |
10th | 2022 | 6,109,644 |
Peru
The first census in Peru was carried out in 1836. The 12th and latest one was the 2017 Census and was carried out by Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática in October 2017.
Demographic and historical evolution of the Peruvian population since the first official census carried out in 1836. | |||
---|---|---|---|
N. | Year | Population Peru | Population and Housing Census |
19th century | |||
1st | 1836 | 1,873,736 | |
2nd | 1850 | 2,001,203 | |
3rd | 1862 | 2,487,916 | |
4th | 1876 | 2,699,105 | |
20th century | |||
5th | 1940 | 7,023,111 | |
6th | 1961 | 10,420,357 | |
7th | 1972 | 14,121,564 | |
8th | 1981 | 17,762,231 | |
9th | 1993 | 22,639,443 | 1993 Peruvian census |
21st century | |||
10th | 2005 | 27,219,264 | 2005 Peruvian census |
11th | 2007 | 28,220,764 | 2007 Peruvian census |
12th | 2017 | 31,237,385 | 2017 Peruvian census |
- | 2022 | 33,396,700 | INEI Estimates |
13th | 2027 | Projection |
United States
The United States Constitution and federal law mandate that a census be taken every ten years to apportion the number of members of the United States House of Representatives among the several states. Census statistics are also used to apportion federal funding for many social and economic programs.
The first U.S. Census was conducted in 1790 by Federal Marshals. During the 19th century and through the 1940 census, enumeration was accomplished through political districts. Each was responsible for producing a census.
From 1950 onward, census forms were mailed to every address on record with the United States Post Office, including the Armed Services Postal System, in an effort to enhance completeness of the data collected. Beginning in 1970, it was made illegal to fail to return a completed census form. Computer technology was also introduced.
The 2010 census counted over 308 million people.
By law (92 Stat. 915, Public Law 95-416, enacted on October 5, 1978), individual census records are sealed for 72 years. The individual census data most recently released to the public was the 1940 census, released on April 2, 2012. Aggregate census data are released when available.
In addition to the decennial federal census, local censuses have also been conducted, for example, in Massachusetts, which conducted a statewide census every five years until 1985. Some states conducted limited censuses for various purposes, and these are typically located in state archives.
Next census was scheduled to begin 1 April 2020[circular reference] but delays due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic meant most areas did not assign enumerators and begin counting until after August 1, 2020, even while their questions are still written to tabulate information about a housing unit's status on the prior date.
The 2020 census counted for over 331 million people.
Demographic and historical evolution of the United States population since the first official census carried out in 1790. | |||
---|---|---|---|
N. | Year | Population United States | Population and Housing Census |
18th century | |||
1st | 1790 | 3,929,214 | 1790 United States Census |
19th century | |||
2nd | 1800 | 5,308,483 | 1800 United States Census |
3rd | 1810 | 7,239,881 | 1810 United States Census |
4th | 1820 | 9,638,454 | 1820 United States Census |
5th | 1830 | 12,866,020 | 1830 United States Census |
6th | 1840 | 17,069,453 | 1840 United States Census |
7th | 1850 | 23,191,876 | 1850 United States Census |
8th | 1860 | 31,443,321 | 1860 United States Census |
9th | 1870 | 38,925,598 | 1870 United States Census |
10th | 1880 | 50,189,209 | 1880 United States Census |
11th | 1890 | 62,979,766 | 1890 United States Census |
20th century | |||
12th | 1900 | 76,212,168 | 1900 United States Census |
13th | 1910 | 92,228,496 | 1910 United States Census |
14th | 1920 | 106,021,537 | 1920 United States Census |
15th | 1930 | 122,775,046 | 1930 United States Census |
16th | 1940 | 132,164,569 | 1940 United States Census |
17th | 1950 | 151,325,798 | 1950 United States Census |
18th | 1960 | 179,323,175 | 1960 United States Census |
19th | 1970 | 203,392,031 | 1970 United States Census |
20th | 1980 | 226,545,805 | 1980 United States Census |
21th | 1990 | 248,709,873 | 1990 United States Census |
21st century | |||
22th | 2000 | 281,421,906 | 2000 United States Census |
23th | 2010 | 308,745,538 | 2010 United States Census |
24th | 2020 | 331,449,281 | 2020 United States Census |
25th | 2030 | Projection | 2030 United States Census |
Uruguay
Demographic and historical evolution of the Uruguayan population since the first official census carried out in 1852. | |||
---|---|---|---|
N. | Year | Population Uruguay | Population and Housing Census |
19th century | |||
1st | 1852 | 131,969 | |
2nd | 1860 | 223,238 | |
20th century | |||
3rd | 1908 | 1,042,686 | |
4th | 1963 | 2,595,510 | |
5th | 1975 | 2,788,429 | |
6th | 1985 | 2,955,241 | |
7th | 1996 | 3,137,188 | |
21st century | |||
8th | 2004 | 3,241,003 | |
9th | 2011 | 3,286,314 | |
10th | 2023 | 3,444,263 |
Venezuela
The study of the population in Venezuela is in charge of the National Institute of Statistics, which is in charge of collecting, analyzing and publishing data. Its best known publication is the Population Census, which is carried out in a period of no more than 15 years.
The last study of this type was carried out in 2011 between September and November.
Demographic and historical evolution of the Venezuelan population since the first official census carried out in 1873. | |||
---|---|---|---|
N. | Year | Population Venezuela | Population and Housing Census |
19th century | |||
1st | 1873 | 1,732,411 | |
2nd | 1881 | 2,005,139 | |
3rd | 1891 | 2,221,572 | |
20th century | |||
4th | 1920 | 2,479,525 | |
5th | 1926 | 2,814,131 | |
6th | 1936 | 3,364,347 | |
7th | 1941 | 3,850,771 | |
8th | 1950 | 5,034,838 | |
9th | 1961 | 7,523,999 | |
10th | 1971 | 10,721,522 | |
11th | 1981 | 14,516,735 | |
12th | 1990 | 18,105,265 | |
21st century | |||
13th | 2001 | 23,054,210 | |
14th | 2011 | 27,227,930 | |
- | 2021 | 28,199,867 | World Bank estimates |
Asia
Afghanistan
A partial and incomplete population census was taken in Afghanistan in June 1979. Wars since then have caused significant population displacement and there has not been an updated count nor does the nation seem to have the technical ability nor will to tackle a modern census.
Armenia
Population censuses have been taken in Azerbaijan under Russian/Soviet rule in 1831, 1873, 1886, 1897, 1922, 1926, 1939, 1959, 1970, 1979, and 1989. Beginning in 1991, three more censuses' have been carried out in Armenia: one in 2001, one in 2011 and one in 2022.
Azerbaijan
Population censuses have been taken in Armenia under Russian/Soviet rule in 1897, 1926, 1937, 1939, 1959, 1970, 1979, and 1989. Beginning in 1991, two more censuses have been carried out in Azerbaijan: one in 1999 and one in 2009.
Bangladesh
Population censuses were conducted by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) in 1974, 1981, 1991, 2001, 2011 and 2022.The 2022 Census was the nation's first digital census.[citation needed]
China
China's first censuses were irregular: the Republic of China held censuses in 1913 and 1944. Under Mao Zedong, the People's Republic of China held its first in 1952, but the second in 1963 was secret and unacknowledged until the early 1980s.
The 1982 Chinese census was much more thorough and well-conducted than the first two, and similar censuses have been conducted decennially in 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020. These are the world's biggest censuses and over 6 million enumerators were engaged in the 2000[citation needed] and 2010 censuses.
Between the national censuses, 1% National Population Sample Surveys were taken in 1987, 1995, and 2005; 0.1% National Population Sample Surveys have been taken annually since 2000. National agricultural, economic, and industrial censuses are also taken on a regular basis. The first economic census was taken in 2004 and the second 2008.
Hong Kong
Census takes place every 10 years and by-census between two censuses by the Census and Statistics Department of Hong Kong. The last census was the 2021 Population Census in Hong Kong.
India
The decennial census of India is the primary source of information about the demographic characteristics of the population of India. The 2011 census is one of the largest censuses in the history of mankind.
The first census in India in modern times was conducted in 1873. First regular census was started in 1881 by Lord Ripon. Since then, a population census has been carried out every 10 years. The latest census commenced on May 1, 2010. It will create a National Population Register with photographs and fingerprints of every resident. All usual residents of India will also be provided with their Unique ID numbers and National Identity Cards. The census is carried out by the office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India, Delhi, an office in the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India, under the 1948 Census of India Act. The act gives Central Government many powers like to notify a date for Census, power to ask for the services of any citizen for census work. The law makes it compulsory for every citizen to answer the census questions truthfully. The Act provides penalties for giving false answers or not giving answers at all to the census questionnaire. One of the most important provisions of law is the guarantee for the maintenance of secrecy of the information collected at the census of each individual. The census records are not open to inspection and also not admissible in evidence.
The census is conducted in two phases: first, house listing and house numbering phase and second, the actual population enumeration phase. The census is carried out by the canvassing method. In this method, each household is visited and the information is collected by specially trained enumerator. They collect data related to households e.g. number of members, water & electricity supply, ownership of land, vehicles, computers and other assets and services. In the second phase, total population is counted and statistics related to individuals are collected and saved into the governments hand.
Indonesia
The first population census was done during the colonial era, 1930. Before that, a non-overall census was already conducted in 1920. After that census was done irregularly. The first census after independence was 1961, followed by 1971. Since 1980 it is conducted regularly every 10 years. In between, there is also economical census (every 10 years, five years after population census) and agricultural census (three years after population census). The last census was held in September 2020 (2020 Indonesian census).
Iran
The Statistical Center of Iran carries out nationwide population and housing censuses every ten years, the first of which conducted in 1956 (1335 AP) reporting a total population of 19 million people. Since then, seven other censuses were conducted in 1966, 1976, 1986, 1996, 2006, 2011, 2016. As seen, the two censuses in 2006 and 2011 were conducted on a five-year basis, following a 2008 law. The law was rescinded in 2020, with the president announcing that the next census would be conducted in 2026, due to modernizing method to Register-based Census.
Iraq
The Central Statistical Organization – Ministry of Planning of Iraq is responsible for population and housing censuses.
According to the British government in Iraq, the population estimate in 1920 was 3 million. In 1927, the General Directorate of Population carried out the census, the population estimate was 2,968,054. Later, There were another 8 censuses in the years 1934, 1947, 1957, 1965, 1977, 1987 and the last one that was carried out in 1997.
After the War of Iraq, there was a plan for a new population and housing census. Data was collected and published in Central Statistical Organization website. Later, Data was updated, but no census was carried out due to country's situation and dispute about census law.
Israel
The first census in the state of Israel was held in November 1948, six months after its creation, to establish the population registry. Subsequent censuses were conducted by the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (ICBS) in 1961, 1972, 1983, 1995 and 2008. In these, 20% of households completed a detailed survey and the remainder a shorter questionnaire. There is no legal requirement to hold a census within a given interval; in practice, the ICBS requests and the government decides. The next census is scheduled for 2022.
Japan
Since 1920, Japan has conducted
to collect census information every five years, with the exceptions of the 6th in 1947 instead of 1945 and some extra censuses during 1944–1948. A large-scale census (in the years ending in the digit 0) and a simplified one (in those ending in 5) has been undertaken alternately. They collected information as in October 1. The Statistics Bureau is in charge of the exercise of censuses.The questionnaires were frequently changed in the early history of the Population Census, but they were almost fixed by the 1970s.: 148 Since then, they include 16–23 topics, with a small difference between the large-scale censuses and the simplified ones.: 135 They solicit information such as name, gender, relationship to head of household, year and month of birth, marital status, nationality, number of the household members, type and tenure of dwelling, floor area of the dwelling, number of hours worked during the week prior to October 1, employment status, name of employer and type of business, kind of work, and the place of work or schooling. For the years ending in the digit 0, the questionnaire includes additional questions such as education, how long the respondent has lived at the current address, the place he/she lived five years ago, and the means of transportation to the workplace or school.
Regardless of nationality or legal status, all residents in Japan are required to complete the census. All information collected by the census is confidential and protected by the
. Information provided by census can never be used for any investigation purposes such as immigration control, police investigation, tax collections and so on. After the census, all forms are destroyed.For the first time in 2010, residents of Tokyo were given an option to complete the census questionnaires online in lieu of the conventional paper questionnaires. Unique ID and password were provided with the census form. Tokyo was chosen as the initial rollout for the online questionnaires due to the high concentration of people living in apartment buildings or gated communities, which restricts the access of census workers. The online options were made available across Japan from the 2015 census.
The 2020 census was conducted in midst of global COVID-19 pandemic and the Japanese government urged the residents to respond the census online. Those who are unable to respond online may complete and mail back the paper questionnaires. The online census questionnaires are available in Japanese, English, Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese, Spanish, and Portuguese. The paper census form was only written in Japanese, but translation was available in 29 different languages upon request. Since 2020, administrative information can be used on limited basis, only to complete the number of persons from nonresponding households.
Jordan
The first population census after the independence in 1946 was taken in 1952. It did only count the number of people in the households and could therefore be considered only to be a housing census. The first real complete census was taken in 1961. The following censuses have been taken in 1979, 1994 and 2004. The distribution of Palestinians and Jordanians within the population has been a politically sensitive issue since the Six-Day war in 1967.
Lebanon
No census has been conducted in Lebanon since 1932. It indicated a population of 861,399 Lebanese. Various estimates of the population have been taken since; in 1956 it was estimated a population of 1,411,416, with 54% Christian and 44% Muslim. Conducting a census since then has been complicated by various conflicts in the 1970s and 1980s, as well as by the sensitivity of religious issues.
Malaysia
The census in Malaysia is carried out every 10 years, like many nations, since 1960 (with the exception of the fourth census, which was carried out in 1991). The next census should be carried out in 2020. The most recent census was from July 6 to August 22, 2010.
Myanmar
A general census of population and housing has been carried out in 2014. Provisional results have been published and final results will be published in May 2015. The 2014 census counted 51,419,420 inhabitants.
Nepal
Census in Nepal are taken by Central Bureau of Statistics. Population censuses are conducted every ten years in Nepal. The first was held in 1911 and the most recent was held in 2011. The census in 2021 is the first census of Federal Nepal.
Oman
Censuses have been taken in the Sultanate of Oman in 1993, 2003, and 2010.
Pakistan
Philippines
The census of the Philippines is enumerated every 5 years (beginning in 1960, except in 2005 where it was moved to 2007 due to budgetary constraints) and the results are used to allocate Congressional seats (congressional apportionment) and government program funding.
The census is performed by the Philippine Statistics Authority. The first official census in the Philippines was carried out by the Spanish government pursuant to a royal decree calling for the counting of persons living as of the midnight of December 31, 1877. The first door-to-door census was conducted in 1903 to fulfill Public Act 467 which was approved by the U.S. Congress in July 1902. The last national census was held in 2020. For years between the censuses, the NSO issues estimates made using surveys and statistical models.
Saudi Arabia
Population censuses have been taken in Saudi Arabia in 1962/63 (incomplete), 1974 (complete but not reliable), 1992, 2004 and 2010. An agriculture census was taken in 1999.
Singapore
Population censuses have been taken in Singapore every ten years, in 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020
South Korea
South Korea had its first "modern" census in 1925.
The Census has been conducted 18 times every 5 years, most recently in 2020.
Sri Lanka
The census in Sri Lanka is carried out by the Department of Census and Statistics every 10 years, with the next one being planned for 2011. The 2011 one being the first post-war census in three decades. The census will cover all Grama Niladhari (GN) divisions of the country. The first scientific census in Sri Lanka was conducted on March 27, 1871. The last four were in 1963, 1971, 1981 and 2001 with a census estimate in 1989. The 2001 census was only carried out in 18 Districts due to the Sri Lankan Civil War.
Syria
The first population census in Syria was taken by the French Mandatory Regime in 1921–22. This is however not considered reliable. Censuses during independence have been taken 1947, 1960 (the first comprehensive demographic investigation), 1970, 1976 (a sample census), 1981, 1994 and 2004 and the next would be taken at 2017.
Taiwan
The first census in Taiwan was conducted in 1905, while Taiwan was under Japanese rule.
Thailand
A census is conducted every 10 years, the latest being in 2010. The National Statistical Office of Thailand is in charge of conducting the census.
Turkey
The Turkish census is run by the Turkish Statistical Institute. The first census in Turkey was conducted in 1927. After 1935, it took place every 5 years until 1990. Now, the census takes place every 10 years. The last census was in 2000. It can be noted that the census enumeration takes place on one single day in Turkey (in other countries it takes 1–2 weeks). This required some 900,000 enumerators in 2000. The 15th census based on improved geographical information systems is planned for 2010.
A census was taken in the Ottoman Empire 1831–38 by Sultan Mahmud II (1808–1839) as a part of the reform movement Tanzimat. Christian and Jewish men were counted but the female population was excluded.
Uzbekistan
The last census in Uzbekistan was carried out in 1989 during Soviet rule. Uzbekistan itself has never carried one out.
Europe
Albania
The latest population census was conducted in Albania on September 30, 2011.
The previous census was conducted in April 2001. Prior to that, a census was conducted in 1989 at the end of the Communist regime.
Demographic and historical evolution of the Albanian population since the first official census carried out in 1923. | |||
---|---|---|---|
N. | Year | Population Albania | Population and Housing Census |
20th century | |||
1st | 1923 | 814,380 | |
2nd | 1930 | 833,618 | |
3rd | 1945 | 1,122,044 | |
4th | 1950 | 1,218,943 | |
5th | 1955 | 1,391,499 | |
6th | 1960 | 1,626,315 | |
7th | 1969 | 2,068,155 | |
8th | 1979 | 2,590,600 | |
9th | 1989 | 3,182,417 | |
21st century | |||
10th | 2001 | 3,069,275 | |
11th | 2011 | 2,821,977 | |
12th | 2023 | 2,402,113 |
Austria
The Austrian census is run by Statistics Austria. It is carried out every ten years, the last one on October 31, 2011.
Demographic and historical evolution of the Austrian population since the first official census carried out in 1869. | |||
---|---|---|---|
N. | Year | Population Austria | Population and Housing Census |
19th century | |||
1st | 1869 | 4,497,880 | |
2nd | 1880 | 4,963,528 | |
3rd | 1890 | 5,417,360 | |
20th century | |||
4th | 1900 | 6,003,845 | |
5th | 1910 | 6,648,310 | |
6th | 1934 | 6,760,044 | |
7th | 1951 | 6,933,905 | |
8th | 1961 | 7,073,807 | |
9th | 1971 | 7,491,526 | |
10th | 1981 | 7,555,338 | |
11th | 1991 | 7,795,786 | |
21st century | |||
12th | 2001 | 8,032,926 | |
13th | 2011 | 8,401,940 | |
14th | 2021 | 8,969,068 |
Belgium
The Belgium census is run by Statistics Belgium. The first census was carried out in 1846 then it is carried out every 10 years. The last census was taken in 2011. This is the first registered based census.[1]
Demographic and historical evolution of the Belgian population since the first official census carried out in 1846. | |||
---|---|---|---|
N. | Year | Population Belgium | Population and Housing Census |
19th century | |||
1st | 1846 | 4,337,196 | |
2nd | 1856 | 4,529,460 | |
3rd | 1866 | 4,827,833 | |
4th | 1876 | 5,336,185 | |
5th | 1880 | 5,520,009 | |
6th | 1890 | 6,069,321 | |
20th century | |||
7th | 1900 | 6,693,548 | |
8th | 1910 | 7,423,784 | |
9th | 1920 | 7,465,782 | |
10th | 1930 | 8,092,004 | |
11th | 1947 | 8,512,195 | |
12th | 1961 | 9,189,741 | |
13th | 1970 | 9,650,944 | |
14th | 1981 | 9,848,647 | |
15th | 1991 | 9,978,681 | |
21st century | |||
16th | 2001 | 10,296,350 | |
17th | 2011 | 11,000,638 | |
18th | 2021 | 11,521,238 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Population censuses in Bosnia and Herzegovina were conducted in 1879, 1885, 1895, 1910, 1921, 1931, 1948, 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981 and 1991. The 2013 Census was organized in period between October 1–15, 2013. This is the first census after the end of the Bosnian War.
Bulgaria
Bulgarian governors organized a national census soon after the liberation of the Bulgarian lands. In 1881 a census took place in the Principality, while in 1884 a census was organized in Eastern Rumelia. The first census covering the unified state took place in 1887.
Since these first accounts, Bulgarian authorities had organized several population censuses: 1892, 1900, 1905, 1910, 1920, 1926, 1934, 1946, 1956, 1965, 1975, 1985, 1992, 2001, and 2011.
The data provided in the Bulgarian censuses from 1888 until World War II is regarded as highly reliable[citation needed] according to the standards of the time. The Bulgarian leading statisticians of the period were generally educated in Western universities and participated vividly in the international cooperation, therefore insisted and succeeded in introducing the best practices of the time. The quality of the data provided of later censuses is a matter of debate.[citation needed] The religion question in the 2001 census didn't allow the unaffiliated Bulgarians to be counted as such.
Demographic and historical evolution of the Bulgarian population since the first official census carried out in 1880. | |||
---|---|---|---|
N. | Year | Population Bulgaria | Population and Housing Census |
19th century | |||
1st | 1880 | 2,007,919 | |
2nd | 1887 | 3,154,375 | |
3rd | 1892 | 3,310,713 | |
20th century | |||
4th | 1900 | 3,744,283 | |
5th | 1905 | 4,035,575 | |
6th | 1910 | 4,337,513 | |
7th | 1920 | 4,846,971 | |
8th | 1926 | 5,478,741 | |
9th | 1934 | 6,077,939 | |
10th | 1946 | 7,029,349 | |
11th | 1956 | 7,613,709 | |
12th | 1965 | 8,227,866 | |
13th | 1975 | 8,727,771 | |
14th | 1985 | 8,948,649 | |
15th | 1992 | 8,487,317 | |
21st century | |||
16th | 2001 | 7,928,901 | |
17th | 2011 | 7,364,570 | |
18th | 2021 | 6,519,789 |
Croatia
The census in Croatia is carried out every 10 years. The last census was taken in 2021 with final population count of 3.9 million. The first census was in 1857 when what is now Croatia was part of the Austrian Empire.
Cyprus
This section does not cite any sources.(November 2013) |
The British carried out seven censuses in Cyprus in total: six at ten-year intervals between 1881 and 1931, and the last in 1946. Following the establishment of the modern state, there have been seven more censuses: in 1960 (the year of establishment), 1973, 1976, 1982, 1992, 2001 and 2011. The Statistical Service of the Cypriot government counts from the first British census, i.e. the latest census, in 2011, is referred to as the 14th census. In Northern Cyprus there have been three censuses: in 1996, 2006 and 2011. All three have been a matter of controversy, both in the north and the south, and abroad.
Czech Republic
The census in the Czech Republic is carried out every 10 years by the Czech Statistical Office. The last census was taken in 2011. Earlier censuses were taken in 1869, 1880, 1890, 1900, 1910, 1921, 1930, 1950, 1961, 1970, 1980, 1991 and 2001.
The results of the last census are also available via the interactive model based software.
Denmark
The first Danish census was in 1700–1701, and contained statistical information about adult men. Only about half of it still exists. A census of school children was taken during the 1730s.
Following these early undertakings, the first census to attempt completely covering all citizens (including women and children who had previously been listed only as numbers) of Denmark-Norway was taken in 1769. At that point there were 797,584 citizens in the kingdom. Georg Christian Oeder took a statistical census in 1771 which covered Copenhagen, Sjælland, Møn, and Bornholm.
After that, censuses followed somewhat regularly in 1787, 1801, and 1834, and between 1840 and 1860, the censuses were taken every five years, and then every ten years until 1890. Special censuses for Copenhagen were taken in 1885 and 1895.
In the 20th century, censuses were taken every five years from 1901 to 1921, and then every ten years from 1930. The last traditional census was taken in 1970.
A limited population census based on registers was taken in 1976. From 1981 and each year onwards information that corresponds to a population and housing census is retrieved from registers. Denmark was the first country in the world to conduct these censuses from administrative registers. The most important registers are the Population Register (Det Centrale Personregister), the Building and Dwelling Register () and the Enterprise Register (Det Centrale Virksomhedsregister). The central statistical office, Statistics Denmark is responsible for compiling these data. This information is available online in the Statbank Denmark.
It is possible to search a portion of the Danish censuses online at the Dansk Demografisk Database, and also view scanned versions at Arkivalier Online.
Estonia
Population censuses have been carried out in 1881, 1897, 1922, 1934, 1959, 1970, 1979, 1989, 2000 and 2011.
The censuses of 1881 and 1897 were carried out during the reign of the Russian Empire, when Estonia was divided between the Governorate of Estonia and the Governorate of Livonia. The latter also included territories of modern-day Latvia, however its Estonian-populated counties of Võru, Tartu, Viljandi, Pärnu and Saaremaa roughly corresponded to the later borders of the Republic of Estonia. Only later Estonian territories of Valga, Narva, Jaanilinn and Petseri County remained outside these figures.
The 1922 and 1934 censuses were carried out by the independent Republic of Estonia. The 1959, 1979 and 1989 censuses were carried out by the Estonian SSR of the Soviet Union and excluded Jaanilinn and Petseri County, which were annexed by the Russian SFSR in 1945. The 2000 and 2011 censuses were again carried out by the independent Republic of Estonia and also excluded the territories annexed by Russia in 1945. The current responsible institution is the Statistics Estonia.
Finland
The first population census was taken in 1749 when Finland was a part of Sweden. Although the parliament authorized a modern census in 1938, it was not undertaken until 1950. Finland has an accurate population registry system, thus censuses are in practice conducted by studying the registry, rather than as a separate project. Statistics Finland publishes various statistics on population: preliminary population statistics are published monthly, population structure report is published annually and population projections every three years. Once in ten years, the official locations and demarcations for densely populated areas (taajama) for traffic purposes, and official numbers of the speakers of national languages (Finnish or Swedish), for bilinguality, are reviewed.
France
The census in France is currently carried out by INSEE. The first census in France was conducted in 1801. Since 2004, a partial census has been carried out every year, and the results published as averages over 5 years.
Germany
This section's factual accuracy may be compromised due to out-of-date information.(October 2012) |
The first systematic population on the European continent was taken in 1719 in Prussia (roughly corresponding to today's northern Germany and western Poland).
The first large-scale census in the German Empire took place in 1895. Attempts at introducing a census in West Germany sparked strong popular resentment in the 1980s since many quite personal questions were asked. Some campaigned for a boycott. In the end the Constitutional Court stopped the census in 1980 and 1983. The last census of West Germany was in 1987. Germany has since used population samples in combination with statistical methods, in place of a full census. But finally, on May 9, 2011, a new census of Germany was completed.
Greece
Census takes place every 10 years and is carried out by the National Statistical Service of Greece. The 2011 census ended on 24 May.
Hungary
Official decennial censuses have been taken in Hungary since 1870; the latest one – in line with the recommendations of the United Nations and the Statistical Office of the European Union – was carried out in 2011. Starting from 1880 the Hungarian census system was based on native language (the language spoken at home in the early life of the person and at the time of the survey), vulgar language (the most frequently used language in the family), and other spoken languages.
Iceland
The first Icelandic census took place in 1703, following upon the first Danish census of 1700–1701. Further cens
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