Jamshid Sharmahd

Jamshid Sharmahd (Persian: جمشید شارمهد; 23 March 1955 – 28 October 2024) was a German-Iranian software engineer. A permanent resident of the United States from 2003, Sharmahd had been targeted by the Iranian government for his connections to the Tondar, an Iranian monarchist group engaging in violent attacks. He was abducted by Iranian agents in 2020, and held in solitary confinement by the Iranian government in a forced disappearance. In a 2023 trial condemned by Amnesty International, the German Minister for Foreign Affairs, and the European Council, Sharmahd was sentenced to death. He was held in solitary confinement until his execution on 28 October 2024.

Jamshid Sharmahd
جمشید شارمهد
Sharmahd in 2019
Born	(1955-03-23)23 March 1955 Tehran, Iran
Died	28 October 2024(2024-10-28) (aged 69) Tehran, Iran
Citizenship	Germany Iran
Education	Software engineering, information technology
Occupations	Journalist software engineer
Years active	1955–2024

Biography

Jamshid Sharmahd was born in Tehran on 23 March 1955. When he was seven years old, he moved with his father to Hanover, West Germany, where he grew up in a German-Iranian household. He became a naturalized German citizen in 1995. He studied to become an electrician, and in 1980 briefly returned to Iran where he got married. In 1983, he returned to West Germany with his wife and daughter.

Sharmahd established his own software company and in 2003 moved to the United States, where he became a permanent resident (green card holder). After moving to the U.S., Sharmahd resided in the Los Angeles area, living in Glendora, California. Sharmahd had Parkinson's disease.

According to Sharmahd's daughter, Sharmahd provided technical support and website design services for Tondar ("Thunder"), a news platform and opposition movement viewed by Iran as a terrorist organization. Sharmahd's daughter said that he had become more involved in the group's Web publishing/broadcasting in 2007, after group leader Frood Fouladvand was kidnapped in Turkey. Sharmahd helped operate Tondar's Los Angeles-based television and radio programming, and operated a satellite radio station accessible in Iran. Although his work was intended to be uncredited, a technical error led to the exposure of Sharmahd's name on the public platform. This led to targeted harassment and assassination attempts against him by the Iranian government. After he was kidnapped in 2020, the Iranian government asserted that Sharmahd ran Tondar, part of the Kingdom Assembly of Iran. In 2009, agents of the Islamic regime of Iran attempted an assassination of Sharmahd in California, which was foiled by U.S. officials; information about the assassination attempt was made public in a 2010 leak of U.S. diplomatic cables in 2010.

Kidnapping in Dubai

In late July 2020, secret agents from Iran's Ministry of Intelligence abducted Sharmahd and took him to Iran. Sharmahd had been in Dubai, where he had been awaiting a connecting flight to India, when he was kidnapped. His last message to his family was received on July 28, 2020.Cell phone tracking data showed movements south from Dubai to Al Ain the next day, and then to Sohar, Oman, on July 30, when tracking ended. The Iranian Intelligence Ministry said it had seized Sharmahd in a "complex operation" but provided no details.

The Iranian government alleged that Sharmahd was responsible for a 2008 attack on a mosque in Shiraz that killed 14 people and injured 200; it also claimed that in 2017 he had revealed "classified information" on Revolutionary Guard missile sites. The Working Group on Arbitrary Detention stated that "Mr. Sharmahd is being deprived of his liberty as a result of exercising the right to freedom of opinion and expression." Sharmahd denied all charges, and his family campaigned for his release. Sharmahd's abduction was one of a series of kidnapping plots orchestrated by the Iranian government against dissidents, as part of its campaign of transnational repression. Sharmahd's abduction was compared to the previous case of Ruhollah Zam, an exiled journalist who was lured back to Iran and executed in 2020.

Imprisonment and execution in Iran

In February 2023, Sharmahd was sentenced to death by a Revolutionary Court in Tehran on charges of "corruption on earth by planning and directing terrorist attacks." The Iranian Supreme Court upheld the death sentence on 26 April 2023.Amnesty International condemned the trial as grossly unfair, reporting that Iranian authorities had tortured Sharmahd while he was in detention, held him in solitary confinement for extended periods, and denied him access to his Parkinson's disease medications and other treatments. The trial was overseen by Abolghasem Salavati, a judge loyal to the Iranian regime who presided over other prosecutions of dissidents.

The German and U.S. governments also condemned the trial as a sham, with German Minister for Foreign Affairs Annalena Baerbock saying Sharmahd "never had even the semblance of a fair trial." Sharmahd was repeatedly denied German consular assistance and access to trials. In response to the sentence, Germany expelled two Iranian diplomats.

In 2022, the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention (WGAD) released a 13-page document confirming Sharmahd's arrest, forced disappearance, human rights violations, and torture. The WGAD concluded that Sharmahd's detention was arbitrary and called for his "immediate unconditional release." In January 2023, Friedrich Merz, the chairman of the (CDU/CSU) parliamentary group, took over the political sponsorship for Sharmahd. Merz attempted to travel to Iran to verify the health of Sharmahd, but Iranian authorities denied him a visa. Merz repeatedly demanded Sharmahd's release and called for the German government "to significantly step up its efforts to release Jamshid Sharmahd." In April 2023, the European Council publicly condemned the death sentence of Sharmahd.

Sharmahd was executed in Tehran on 28 October 2024, at the age of 69. German Chancellor Olaf Scholz condemned the execution and called it "a scandal." Baerbock, the German foreign minister, condemned "the murder of Jamshid Sharmahd by the Iranian regime in the strongest possible terms." Sharmahd's daughter criticized the U.S. and German governments, contending that they had failed to do enough to secure Sharmahd's release. She called for the return of Sharmahd's body for burial in accordance with Zoroastrian burial rites.Masih Alinejad, an Iranian American activist who was reportedly the target of an Iranian assassination attempt foiled by U.S. authorities, said in response to the execution, "The Islamic Republic understands no language of peace or diplomacy. Their language is that of hostage-taking, execution, assassination and murder."

Diplomatic fallout

Sharmahd's abduction and execution worsened Germany–Iran relations. The day after he was put to death, Germany summoned Iran's charge d'affaires to register a formal diplomatic protest. The German ambassador to Iran, Markus Potzel, also submitted a protest to the Iranian authorities and was recalled to Berlin. The German Foreign Minister also ordered the closure of all three Iranian consulates in Germany (in Frankfurt, Hamburg, and Munich), leaving only the Iranian embassy in Berlin. As part of the closure of Iranian consulates general in Germany, 32 Iranian diplomats were stripped of their residence permits.

Josep Borrell, the European Union's High Representative for Foreign Affairs, called Sharmahd's execution "appalling" and said it was "seriously harming" EU–Iran relations. Borrell noted that the EU had imposed new sanctions against Iran shortly before Sharmahd was killed, and would consider additional "targeted and significant measures" against Iran, including adding its Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps to the EU's list of terrorist groups.

See also

• Extraordinary rendition
• List of foreign nationals detained in Iran

References

1. O'Callaghan, Laura (18 January 2023). "Fears for German man on death row in Iran as his US family say 'Biden is failing us'". The National News.
2. "Iranian Rapper Toomaj Salehi Sentenced to Death for Songs Critical of Government". Rolling Stone (in German). 26 April 2024. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
3. "Iran executes German-Iranian Jamshid Sharmahd". DW. 28 October 2024. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
4. "Jamshid Sharmahd ist Opfer eines manipulativen Schauprozesses" [Jamshid Sharmahd is the victim of a manipulative show trial]. International Society for Human Rights (in German). 24 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
5. "Save_Sharmahd". Mideast Freedom Forum Berlin (in German). Retrieved 29 October 2024.
6. Steinmetz, Juergen T. (4 August 2020). "German Citizen from Glendora, California abducted by Iran Ministry in Dubai". eTurboNews.
7. Weinthal, Benjamin (25 July 2022). "'Death sentence certain' for German-Iranian journalist". Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
8. O'Callaghan, Laura (18 January 2023). "Fears for German man on death row in Iran as his US family say 'Biden is failing us'". The National News. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
9. Gambrell, Jon (28 October 2024). "Iranian-German prisoner Jamshid Sharmahd, who lived in US, executed in Iran over terror conviction". AP News. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
10. Somerville, Hannah (19 November 2021). "One Year After Abduction, Jamshid Sharmahd's Family Vows to Fight On". IranWire | خانه. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
11. Audi, Tamara (10 May 2010). "U.S.-Iran Feud Hits L.A." The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
12. "Iran Says It Detained Leader of California-Based Exile Group". The New York Times. The Associated Press. 1 August 2020.
13. Halpern, Sam (22 February 2023). "Kidnapped German-Iranian journalist Jamshid Sharmahd to be executed". Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
14. Geir Moulson, All 3 Iranian Consulates in Germany ordered shut after execution of Iranian German prisoner, Associated Press (October 21, 2024.
15. Vahdat, Amir and Gambrell, Jon (2 August 2020). "Iran says it detains leader of California-based exile group". Associated Press. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
16. "California man faces execution in Iran for being a journalist" (PDF). Working Group on Arbitrary Detention. 31 August 2022.
17. "Abducted Californian Jamshid Sharmahd Denies Charges in Final Court Hearing in Iran". IranWire. 26 July 2022.
18. Gambrell, Jon (4 August 2020). "Family tells AP: Iran abducted California man while in Dubai". Associated Press News.
19. "Why Iran abducted and hanged Ruhollah Zam". The Economist. 16 December 2020. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
20. Azizi, Arash (12 January 2021). "Opinion: Why Is Iran Kidnapping and Executing Dissidents?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
21. Gritten, David (21 February 2022). "Iran sentences German-Iranian dissident to death". BBC News. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
22. "Tortured German-Iranian sentenced to death: Jamshid Sharmahd". Amnesty International. 3 April 2023. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
23. "Iran: Statement by the High Representative on behalf of the EU on the confirmation of the death sentence against Jamshid Sharmahd by Iranian court". European Council. 23 April 2023.
24. "Germany Expels Iranian Diplomats in Response to Death Sentence for German Citizen". Voice of America News. 22 February 2023. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
25. Gritten, David (22 February 2023). "Germany expels 2 Iranian diplomats over death sentence". Associated Press News. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
26. "Opinions adopted by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention at its ninety-third session 30 March–8 April 2022" (PDF). Working Group on Arbitrary Detention. 31 August 2022.
27. "Friedrich Merz übernimmt politische Patenschaft für den inhaftierten Deutsch-Iraner Jamshid Sharmahd". CDU/CSU. 9 January 2023.
28. "Friedrich Merz fordert Freilassung von Jamshid Sharmahd aus iranischer Haft". RND. 18 July 2023.
29. "Iran executes German-Iranian Jamshid Sharmahd". Deutsche Welle. 28 October 2024.
30. Gambrell, Jon (28 October 2024). "Iranian-German prisoner Jamshid Sharmahd, who lived in US, executed in Iran over terror conviction". AP News. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
31. "Hinrichtung von Jamshid Sharmahd – Bundesregierung schließt alle iranischen Generalkonsulate". Der Spiegel (in German). 31 October 2024. Retrieved 31 October 2024.